Description: If making multiple purchases, please follow the instructions after the red text below. Anthracite - teaching hand/display specimen of metamorphic "hard coal" from eastern Pennsylvania Anthracite, or metamorphic coal, is the hardest and hottest burning of all coal types. It has a glossy surface and conchoidal fracture. It burns smoke-free and is desired for both steel-making and for heating. The anthracite fields of Pennsylvania lie east of the Susquehanna River. Plant debris-bearing strata were deposited in swampy areas of the Appalachian foreland basin at the beginning of the Appalachian orogeny, were buried by a great thickness of sediments, and were compressed and heated to alter the plant material to first form peat, then lignite, bituminous coal and finally anthracite, a sequence students should know. Metamorphism beyond anthracite results in graphite. In eastern Pennsylvania, uplift and subsequent erosion removed the overlying sediments and exposed the coal. Bituminous coal mainly originated in the Triassic, 205 - 245 million years ago. Western U.S. lignite and pre-lignite coals are primarily Cretaceous, 70 - 140 million years in age. Pennsylvania anthracite is older, forming during the Pennsylvanian Epoch or "Upper Carboniferous," from 298 to 318 million years ago. Anthracite is unusual, since sediments are only rarely subjected to the temperatures and pressures necessary to form anthracite. Pennsylvania anthracite forms just 1% of US coal reserves, but over 90% of known global reserves of anthracite. This anthracite was mined near Mt. Carmel, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, where Blaschak Coal Company has redeveloped the inactive former UAE Coal Corporation Associates Harmony Mine, field photo. It is from the Mammoth Coal bed, a unit of the lower Llewellyn Formation, upper Middle Pennsylvanian age. The Mammoth is the thickest anthracite bed in the entire world. It has been extensively mined throughout eastern Pennsylvania's anthracite coal fields. Select a specimen: When more than one specimen is shown, you can select a particular specimen by telling us what is in front of it - a black mechanical pencil, a silver and black pen, a silver and blue pen, or one of those plus some number of coins, or you can let us make the selection. Making multiple purchases?Just add items to your cart. When finished shopping, click on "view cart" and then click on “request combined shipping” at upper right in the Shopping Cart window. Do not proceed to checkout. We will send an eBay invoice with the correct combined shipping. Shipping: Priority Mail or Ground Advantage, whichever is cheaper, unless we can find a better rate. Rates vary by weight and zip code. We can ship for less than eBay will charge, and will refund the overpayment as soon as the box is packed. International customers: We sell and ship internationally. If eBay’s page does not let you enter your country name to determine the shipping cost for something you are interested in, please contact us. We can tell you what the shipping would cost and how to make the purchase. You can then decide if you wish to complete the transaction. Use the Contact Seller link in the Seller Information box on the right side of this page. Pay securely with your debit or credit card through PayPal! You do not need a Pay Pal account to do this. Yes, we do combine shipping!
Price: 10.45 USD
Location: Olancha, California
End Time: 2024-08-02T03:48:53.000Z
Shipping Cost: N/A USD
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Return shipping will be paid by: Seller
All returns accepted: Returns Accepted
Item must be returned within: 30 Days
Refund will be given as: Money Back
